Morningstar evaluated countries in four categories that are weighted to calculate the overall grade: Regulation and Taxation, Disclosure, Fees and Expenses, and Sales and Media. Morningstar researchers generally favor active fund regulation; a low investor tax burden; more disclosure; lower fund fees; a varied fund distribution system; and local news media that helps to educate investors about their choices. Morningstar assigned countries a letter grade for each of the four categories and used the underlying scores to produce an overall country grade. The analysis was based on information from publicly available sources, Morningstar data, and Morningstar experts located in the company’s offices around the world.
Nikolaj Holdt Mikkelsen, CFA, Chief Analyst for Morningstar in Denmark, said, “Our mission at Morningstar is to help investors reach their financial goals. The goal of our Global Fund Investor Experience report is to improve the investor experience by examining the treatment of mutual fund shareholders in various countries to spur dialogue about best practices. Every market we examined has areas for improvement, and we hope our research about the experience of fund investors worldwide will help serve as a catalyst for positive change.”
Highlights of Denmark’s grade include:
- Denmark received a B- grade overall. In 2013, Denmark received the same grade.
- The overall grade for Denmark was positively affected by above-average scores in the Fees and Expenses and Disclosure categories. The annual expense ratios for funds domiciled in Denmark are noticeably lower than those for foreign funds marketed to investors in Denmark. In addition, Denmark is among the top countries evaluated in the report for its monthly portfolio disclosure.
- Denmark’s overall grade was held back by its grade in the Sales and Media category, which is considered the weakest area for Denmark. The country primarily has a closed-architecture system. Most funds are sold through the bank channel and are proprietary to the firm selling them, thereby limiting choices for investors.
The overall country grades for 2015 are below, from highest to lowest and then in alphabetical order:
Korea: A
United States: A
The Netherlands: A-
Taiwan: A-
United Kingdom: B+
Sweden: B
Australia: B-
Denmark: B-
Finland: B-
Norway: B-
Switzerland: B-
Canada: C+
Germany: C+
India: C+
New Zealand: C+
Thailand: C+
Belgium: C
France: C
Hong Kong: C
Singapore: C
South Africa: C
Spain: C
Italy: C-
Japan: C-
*China: D+
New this year, Morningstar incorporated The World Press Freedom Index in its assessment of media for the Sales and Media category. Reporters Without Borders, an international nonprofit organization, publishes the index annually to measure the freedom of information in 180 countries. Morningstar also added a quantitative analysis about the frequency of portfolio reporting in the Disclosure category, and included a first-time review of the fund investor experience in Finland.
Additional key findings of the 2015 report include:
- Korea received an A this year because of its improved sales practices, up from a B+ in 2013, and is the only other country aside from the United States to achieve the top grade.
- The United States garnered the highest score for the fourth time with a top grade of A. While the United States boasts relatively low expenses and strong disclosure, its Sales and Media category grade is average.
- The Netherlands rose to an A- grade in 2015, compared with a B in 2013, improving in the areas of Fees and Expenses and Sales and Media assisted by a newly implemented ban on advisor commissions.
- Finland received a grade of B-, reflecting consistent practices that have developed from pan-European regulations.
- China received the lowest grade of a D+ because of high fees, limitations on overseas investing, and restrictions on foreign-domiciled funds.*
- Since the 2013 study, regulators in New Zealand introduced semiannual portfolio holdings disclosure, while Thailand plans to move from semiannual to quarterly disclosure. Australia is now the only market that does not have portfolio holdings disclosure requirements. The global fund industry is generally ahead of regulatory requirements, with monthly holdings releases becoming common.
- Nearly every market has enacted new or updated regulations over the past two years, which shows active engagement by regulators in the areas Morningstar evaluates in the report.
- In the United States, Australia, South Africa, and The Netherlands, ongoing fund fees are typically unbundled, which decreases reported fund fees. However, if investors are paying for both advice and an administration platform, the total cost of owning a fund could be an additional 1.0 to 1.5 percent.
- In 22 of the 25 countries evaluated, banks and insurance companies are named as one of the dominant fund sales channels. The next most common channel, cited in seven countries, is the independent advisor.
To read Morningstar’s complete Global Fund Investor Experience report, please visit http://global.morningstar.com/GFIE2015PressKit. Morningstar published its first Global Fund Investor Experience report in 2009.
Morningstar has more than 100 manager research analysts worldwide who cover approximately 4,100 funds. The company provides data on approximately 186,500 open-end mutual funds, 9,800 closed-end funds, and 11,300 exchange-traded product listings as of March 31, 2015.
*Editor’s Note: In its 2013 report, Morningstar inadvertently used incorrect expense data for Chinese funds. Morningstar corrected the data in the 2015 report, which lowered China’s grade for the Fees and Expenses category and was the primary factor in the drop of China’s overall grade from B- to D+.
About Morningstar, Inc.
Morningstar, Inc. is a leading provider of independent investment research in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia. The company offers an extensive line of products and services for individual investors, financial advisors, asset managers, and retirement plan providers and sponsors. Morningstar provides data on approximately 500,000 investment offerings, including stocks, mutual funds, and similar vehicles, along with real-time global market data on more than 15 million equities, indexes, futures, options, commodities, and precious metals, in addition to foreign exchange and Treasury markets. Morningstar also offers investment management services through its investment advisory subsidiaries and had more than U.S. $179 billion in assets under advisement and management as of March 31, 2015. The company has operations in 27 countries.
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